zhàn / guó / shí / qī / hé / zòng / shì / duì / kàng / qiáng / Qín / de / yì / zhǒng / wài / jiāo / cè / lüè战国时期,合纵是对抗强秦的一种外交策略。During the Warring States period, the Vertical Alliance was a diplomatic strategy for opposing the powerful Qin.