dì / tú / xué / bù / jǐn / yán / jiū / dì / tú / de / huì / zhì / yě / yán / jiū / kōng / jiān / xìn / xī / de / biǎo / dá地图学不仅研究地图的绘制,也研究空间信息的表达。Cartography studies not only mapmaking but also the representation of spatial information.